https://thesis.eur.nl/col/4316/ List of Publications en https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/13518/ Thu, 01 Dec 1994 00:00:01 GMT <div>Hollander-Muter, Susan</div> As mentioned above, the questions that I would like to raise are what have been the implications of not taking differences between women into account in South Africa? Is there a possibility for coalition work between women in South Africa? I take the case of the Women's National Coalition as it was an organisation that played a central role in the transition period for women in South Africa. Due to the nature of the organisation, the WNC contains the conflicts and social divisions within society. The campaign raised issues that I am raising here. Although I discuss the questions within the context of the WNC, the general debates and organisational questions are ones which can be applied more broadly. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/6707/ Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:01 GMT <div>Armas Alvarado, Henry P.</div> This paper explores the experience of people living with HIV/AIDS participating in CONAMUSA, an organism that works with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria in Peru. CONAMUSA is a multisectorial space that is also shared by diverse actors such as the Health Department and NGOs. The political stories of these leaders are marked by stigma and urgency. Both contribute to a particular form of political action: necessity participation. A second element in the paper is the role of support groups as possibilities for political awareness. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/6536/ Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:01 GMT <div>Tyszkiewicz, Anna Maria</div> Participation is conceptually too broad to account for women’s involvement in local governance in Poland. By using the city of Zamosc as a case study, it be-comes clear that it is preferable to break this concept down into political and social participation in order to assess women’s engagement at the local level. Women in Zamosc overwhelmingly favour social participation, and perceive themselves as acting independently of the local government. Through the subdivision of participation into social and political it be-comes apparent that the prospects for a sustainable form of women’s political participation are limited, which in turn restricts the transformative potential of citizen participation, and creates a narrow form of governance in Zamosc. De-spite this, women retain control over their social participation and, through it, influence the future of the city as well as their own, thereby questioning nor-mative assumptions about the necessity of women’s political participation. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/6534/ Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:01 GMT <div>Ejigu Tegegne, Alemtsehai</div> A large number of rural young women are migrating every year to Addis. They migrate for various reasons- economic as well as non-economic (gendered). Regardless of the increasing figure of women migrants, sufficient attention has not been given in the literature to the experience of women migration; and the few studies done emphasizes on the economic aspect of migration, which is the remittance they send to their families. This paper tries to assess the vulnerabilities of women migrants giving the necessary attention to the gendered reasons of migration. Migration makes women vulnerable in different ways. This paper is focused on exploring the migration experiences of young women migrants in relation to their vulnerabilities. The Asset Vulnerability Framework is used for the analysis. The study attempts to identify the coping strategies that migrant women use to reduce their vulnerabilities and the factors that helps or hinders them to become less vulnerable. The study was done by conducting an in-depth interview with sample of 15 women migrants residing in a particular area in Addis called Zenebework. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/6535/ Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:01 GMT <div>Campillo Carrete, Beatriz Adriana</div> The deep and frequent disagreements in the study of migration reflect the difficulties to apprehend the nature and implications of an intrinsically social phenomenon. Being a prominent manifestation of human agency, involving individual decisions as much as broader ‘doing together’, migration continuously changes its content and meanings. Often the study of migration has lent itself to uncountable descriptive, explicative and predictive attempts, many of which have been unfortunate, for often they result in simplifications that not necessarily acknowledge their interpretive implications. An important derivation of this problem is the influential notion of ‘‘return migration’’, introduced in the last half of the past century within the field of migration, and widely overstated in current academic and policy work. Although many academic studies about the demographic and social characteristics of ‘‘returnee’s’, as well as their impact on development have been produced, few can overcome a thoughtful scrutiny for they often result in inadequate generalizations. This research paper is undertakes a deep examination of the current use of notion of ‘‘return migration’’ in the light of Mexico-USA migration and some of the most influential migration disciplinary approaches. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/6532/ Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:01 GMT <div>Anwar, Muhammad</div> This paper explores the modification of a discourse in the context of emergence of social movement from a single issue professional campaign through a framework of Habermasian communicative action theory. The paper analyses the communicative acts in the movement discourse through argumentation, modification of legal discourse into social discourse, and structural aspects of lawyers‘ organisation. The single professional issue was the deposition of Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Pakistan on March 9, 2007 by the then President/General. The lawyers started a movement for restoration of Chief Justice and with due coverage from the newly founded private electronic media in Pakistan it attempted to became a populist movement linking to wider reform of Pakistani society. The research also explores why the movement was not sustained as a mass social movement. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8639/ Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:01 GMT <div>Md. Badiuzzzaman</div> This paper has sought to analyse the influence of violence on livelihood deci-sion-making of indigenous households in formal post-conflict Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Study results suggest that households’ livelihood deci-sion-making is influenced by threat perceptions of violence. Households per-ceiving high level of violence spend less on consumption expenditure and are sending children to school more. Cultivating more land and producing mixed crops are also found more among the households perceiving higher level of violence. Using cross sectional data this study finds that decreasing emphasis on present consumption, long term investment in human capital, using land more intensively to earn more cash and move towards creating surplus instead of producing for subsistence suggests perceived violence is producing decisions which are similar to those advocated in a classical ‘modernization process’. Findings of this paper are similar to the argument of ‘post traumatic growth theory’ and suggest existence of ‘Phoenix Factor’. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/13593/ Tue, 31 Aug 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Julinda Hernawati</div> This study tries to examine the relationship between income of local household and deforestation in forest area in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study conducted is based on village level data. There are two types of data used in this study: spatial data and village level data and household survey in-formation. Spatial data is used to find the changes of forest cover in Province West Kalimantan from period1998 – 2004. Forest cover and forest cover change data are derived from Interpretation of Satellite Image Landsat 7 ETM+ 2002/2003 for forest cover in 2002 and 2003 which has been overlaid with Administrative Map by using ArcView, software of GIS. Data for income per capita and household characteristics are obtained from Susenas (National Socio-Economic Survey) in 2004. Village infrastructure condition is obtained from Village Potential Survey (Podes) in 2003. Using those combinations of data, allow this study to implement spatial econ-ometric approach to examine the impact of forest clearance on the household income. The result shows that between period 1998 and 2004, forest clearance has non linear U-shaped relationship with income per capita of household. This result suggests that when deforestation starts to increase, income will be decreasing, but when deforestation rate reaches the minimum point, income will start to increase as the deforestation increase. It also indicates that people in our ob-servation still dependent on forest activities. Furthermore, we also investigate the relationship between income per capita, deforestation, and forest cover. We use threshold of 1% deforestation rate and 1% level of forest cover. The findings show that the there is a positively weak relationship between deforestation (forest clearance) and income. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/13590/ Tue, 31 Aug 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Valerio Nova</div> The recent condition of the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production of Indonesia is that it becomes the number one in producing and the number two in exporting all over the world. However, in the other hand, there is a need to develop more its derivative products. It means the tendency to export has to be given a brake a bit in order to ensure the availability of CPO as the raw material for its downstream products. The availability is not only for the production of cooking oil made of palm oil as basic need for Indonesia society but also other derivative products that give more value added, employment, and Gross Domes-tic product (GDP). Most of the instrument has been used by the government for that purpose is by levying CPO export tax. Therefore, there is a willingness to examine how far export tax affects the development of CPO derivative products in Indonesia. This research examines three oleo chemical products which are fatty acid, fatty alcohol, and glycerol as the representative of derivative products in Indonesia with the period from 1997-2007. The analyses used are by using descriptive and regression-based analyses. The descriptive analysis is using graphs and regression-based analysis is using panel data analysis specifically Fixed Effect Method. The main conclusion got is that there is no significant effect of export tax on the derivative products production. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/13591/ Tue, 31 Aug 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Hardina Diwantari</div> This research paper analyses long run motives for and the determinants of international reserves holdings in Indonesia. Using data from 1984:Q1 to 2009:Q4, an unrestricted error correction model (UECM) based on the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) is employed to analyse the long run relationship between the demand of international reserve and its determinant. This research also takes the financial crisis in Indonesia from the third quarter of 1997 to the fourth quarter of 1999 and the application of the floating exchange rate system since August 14th 1997 into consideration. This research paper finds the determinant of the international reserves holding in Indonesia. This suggests that Indonesia has not only hold a precautionary motive, but also a mercantile motive in the long term. The precautionary motive in Indonesia exists as a self insurance of the external payment imbalances due to trade flows and the foreign portfolio investments. The precautionary motive is also visible from the increase of international reserves during the application of a floating exchange rate system. Thus international reserve becomes a buffer to maintain exchange rate flexibility and as an instrument against negative consequences of financial crisis. The mercantile motive can explain why Indonesian export growth and foreign portfolio investment in the long term are positively correlated with foreign reserves holding aimed at managing exchange rate to support export growth activities. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8649/ Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Isimon, Getrude</div> This paper explores the experiences of the local people of Ngariam sub-county and how they perceive their changing physical and socio-political environ-mental insecurities and their effects on their livelihoods and what their responses have been in trying to reduce their vulnerabilities and sustain their livelihoods. Ngariam sub-county in Katakwi district was chosen as case study because of how environmental and socio-political insecurities interact. Their ecological system has been disrupted for the last five years by a shifting weather system coupled with insecurity threats from neighbouring pastoral tribe which both pose threats to their livelihoods. This process of complex change is creating new challenges of adapting and with a rural community like this, their ability to adapt is conditioned by a number of factors which this paper tries to uncover. This is done through unveiling their perceptions about the reality sur-rounding them, its impact on their livelihoods, their means of adaptation, and what interventions/strategies have been employed to escape from this crisis or minimise its effects. This involves looking at their responses in respect to the agro-ecological system, the social system, the economic system and political system, looking at the both relatively autonomous local strategies and planned interventions from external agents. Hopefully this research will provide a methodology and some insights for researching other contexts where environmental and socio-political insecurity is threatening livelihoods. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8650/ Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Bermudez Urdaneta, Martin Alejandro</div> This paper is a discursive approach to a set of governmental (hence public) texts commonly known as Plan Colombia Initiative. The two main texts under study are Plan Colombia (2000) and Colombia’s Strategy (2007). The Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) methodology used frames texts in global discourse of ‘War on Drugs’, national urgencies and demands regarding the internal armed conflict and narratives of drug traffic, environmental protection, and local people. The time frame of the study is from 2000-2009 while the intended spatial focus is Amazon region, although the contextualization needed for discourse analysis purposes, and the spatial evolution of armed conflict, convey wider historical and geographical boundaries. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8638/ Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Roy, Swati Sarbani</div> The study examines the effect of reservation policy on SCs/STs on their socio-economic and spatial mobility and the wider perspective of group up-liftment and reduction of caste discrimination. It deals with views and interac-tions with the government job holders who availed the benefit of job reserva-tion. Overall the studies shows there is intergenerational upward mobility in terms of increased education, change in occupation from agrarian family to salaried person, improved economic condition and a shift from rural to urban. Economic gain is well recognised by the beneficiaries of government job but very much individual oriented. Lack of wider effects of reservation policy has created layered of well off families in each generation among SCs/STs. As a result, reservation policy it has benefited some people from the disadvantaged group. People from the same group may not inherit direct benefits of job res-ervation from their parents but it certainly create favourable environment to be more privileged within the groups in sense of getting better education and eco-nomic condition. In these years policy could reduce overall inequality while increasing intra group inequality. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8644/ Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Luong Thi, Ngoc Ha</div> Urban poverty is becoming more and more serious issue in the world as a whole and particularly in developing countries in particular. However, the issue receives much less attention than rural poverty. In the past, the problem of urban poverty has probably been underestimated at both international and national statistics. In Vietnam, the statistics fail to reflect accurately poverty in the urban area, especially in large cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. While the statistics show poverty rates in urban area steadily decreasing year by year, results from PPAs give a totally different story. Living condition of poor and very poor households in urban area may have remained unchanged or even become worsened in the recent years despite relatively rapid economic growth. Therefore, urban poverty problem need to be paid appropriate attention from the researchers and policy makers. For the reasons above, this research paper is dedicated to the study of urban poor in Hanoi, the capital and one of the largest cities of Vietnam. The main framework of the paper is the “asset vulnerability framework” using by Moser in her research on 1998 with the recognition that “the poor are managers of complex asset portfolios” (Moser 1998, p.1). The main finding is that the poor in urban Hanoi are experiencing different form of relation to the urban system. In some aspects of their life, they are excluded or marginalized from the society. In other aspects, especially economic, the poor suffer from adverse incorporation. But one thing that is true for every aspects of poor people life in urban area is vulnerability. The data support the argument that not all the vulnerable people are poor but all of the poor are vulnerable. As a result, the poor have many strategies for mobilizing assets in order to protect themselves from vulnerability. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8646/ Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Matimba, Godfrey</div> The life worlds of non migrant professionals are complex and need to be understood beyond the narrow propositions of economistic theories that emphasise economic factors alone. Using the case study of University of Zimbabwe [U.Z], it is demonstrated that political considerations, cultural loyalty, family related, demographic, and professional factors play a significant role in the de-cisions of non migrant lecturers. Most U.Z lecturers do not view themselves as just professional teachers and researchers but active political agents with a role to play in nation building. Political allegiances then pattern economic means of survival and are reinforced by other social, demographic and cultural factors. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8648/ Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:01 GMT <div>Makuu, Mariana Josephat</div> The research paper explores causes and socio-economic consequences of RTAs induced PDs on livelihoods and wellbeing of victims and their families due to livelihood change patterns in Dar. After identification of how the victims and their families develop coping mechanisms and new capabilities the paper analyses the causes of RTAs inducing PDs; why some PDs induced by RTAs end up becoming permanently disabilities, who are mostly affected by RTAs induced PDs and how victims access first-aid and medical treatment after RTAs. The findings show that all road users contribute in one way or another on RTAs inducing PDs because of taking many risks. Through the findings the mostly affected group of people by RTAs inducing PDs is the pedestrians, passengers and motor cyclists especially young males because of nature of their daily activities that expose them to more risks. Victims and their families through the findings suffer from psychological, social and economic aspects. Lack of a special rescue team and inadequate health services are among several factors that have been claimed as contributing to PDs induced by RTAs as well as fatalities that could be avoided. RTAs induced PDs is a burden to the public hospitals and government as a whole due to its economic impact and yet the need to allocate more resources to the prevention and control of RTAs inducing PDs. The study concludes that RTAs induced PDs have adversely affected lives of many people and this area requires more research to better understand the causes and socio-economic consequences. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/10874/ Thu, 15 Dec 2011 00:00:01 GMT <div>Ramírez Cover, Alonso</div> This paper studies a unique Costa Rican coastal protected area called Las Baulas Marine National Park (BMNP). Here the conflictive interaction between strategies of neoliberalization of sea turtles and land through ecotourism and real estate speculation, territorialization of protected area and species management by conservationists and local communal uses of nature have resulted in three different outcomes in three different sectors: 1) attempts of urban growth by affluent private residential property owners and tourism resorts have been frustrated by conservation efforts; 2) property owners and resorts have appropriated the park using it as an ecotourism attraction with the support of conservationists; 3) finally, at sea, environmentally distorting ecotourism and fishing uses have frustrated species conservation there. In reflecting on these differences, this paper will attempt to address the claim of an overwhelming and coherent neoliberalization of nature, by showing it as an inherently contradictory process. This paper highlights the need of understanding neoliberalism path-dependent and uneven process of social change. Instead of building new coherent socio-institutional landscapes that regulate access to and use of nature by obliterating the ones that preceded it; neoliberalism is only capable of obscuring those, imposing new ways of accessing and using nature which reflect what existed before. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/10861/ Thu, 15 Dec 2011 00:00:01 GMT <div>Dai, Duong Duc</div> Based on capability approach, UNDP‟s concept of human development needs to be challenged by critical view from Marx‟ theory of alienation and commodity fetishism. Created from latter processes, insecurity of commodified life and commodity illusions affect strongly to capability to choose what people value. Interactions among those processes require crossing reference from alienation and commodity fetishism in evaluating human development. Particularly, alienation and commodity fetishism create fluctuation in the human development so that the latter is hardly sustained. To overcome this matter, it is necessary to replace the domination of circumstances and of chance over individuals by the domination of individuals over chance and circumstances. This means that human development envisioned by UNDP should be expanded to the meaning advocated by Marx. Above points are drawn from fieldwork conducted in troubling enterprises in Vietnam. In which, the research identify adaptation of workers, managers, and owners against troubles of enterprises. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/10870/ Thu, 15 Dec 2011 00:00:01 GMT <div>Ajitha. Raghava Manjeshwar</div> This short research paper is an attempt to explore the involvement of girls in the Nepal Maoist war, the push factor, and their empowerment during their association with the Maoist. It also looks at the rights perspective and the conscious decisions taken by the young combatants to join the Maoist to fight for the cause of equality and justice. Contrary to the common outlook of girl soldiers as victims of forced recruitment, abduction and abuse, the paper looks at the voluntary recruitment as expression of agency in the light of a conflict situation where the systems are not geared towards taking care of their needs and rights. The paper draws on interviews from ex-combatants and NGO/INGO personnel and analyses them to get a understanding of their involvement and their present life post the signing of the peace accord. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/10871/ Thu, 15 Dec 2011 00:00:01 GMT <div>Eunjung Koo</div> This research explored the dynamics of identity transformation of migrant domestic workers based on the theoretical matrix of symbolic interactionism and intersectionality in spatial and temporal dimensions with biographical methods. In doing so, varied identities of domestic workers, not only as marginalized agents in social stratification like “servants of globalization” or as heroes for supporting home economy, have been uncovered in accordance with individuals’ diverse life experiences. Among six participants in this research, three types of identity have diverged; the type A transformed her as a activist focusing on the situation of undocumented, the type B has recognized them as domestic workers boosting the positive sense of the self in virtue of ‘significant others’, their incomes, or material attainments, the type C denies to accept the identity as a domestic worker. In the process of identity transformation, the ‘I’ negotiate between the ‘Me’ as ‘the generalized other’ and the ‘Me’ as ‘significant others’ in order to form positive identity with self-esteem in this case of migrant domestic workers. For setting up positive relationship with ‘significant others’, they employ their sense of empathy which is the core for communicating and sharing with significant others something in common.