https://thesis.eur.nl/col/4317/ List of Publications en https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/66299/ Sat, 01 Oct 1983 00:00:01 GMT <div>Ricardo M. Padilla Casaverde</div> https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/57268/ Fri, 14 Dec 1984 00:00:01 GMT <div>Moussa, Shahinaz E.M.</div> https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/55331/ Fri, 13 Dec 1985 00:00:01 GMT <div>Mlendough, R.</div> https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9706/ Wed, 01 Oct 1986 00:00:01 GMT <div>Gajakor, Prasit</div> In Thailand, as in many developing countries, development planning officially began in the 1950, and was associated with approaches advocated by those who hold the view of development I from above I (Hansen, 1981 :15-38). Thus the country has put emphasis on urban and industrial, capital intensive development, the highest avaiable technology and maximum use of external and scale ecoomies. These can be clearly seen in the Royal Thai Government (RTG) development strategy outlined in three National Economic and Social Development Plans (1961-1976) which stressed the twin goals of economic growth and national stability. The First and Second Plan placed priority on the expansion of economic and social infrastructure, including transportation, communication, irrigation, education and industry. In a sense, these plans revealed that the RTG put a heavy reliance on the strategy of importsubtitution urban based industrialization (Douglass ,1981 :193). https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/51184/ Fri, 14 Dec 1990 00:00:01 GMT <div>Cheaz Pelaez, Juan M.</div> https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9220/ Sun, 01 Dec 1991 00:00:01 GMT <div>Widoyono, Sentot Bangun</div> The over increasing income gap between the rich and the poor has attracted a growing concern in development literature and government interventions, especially after the Second World War. It has been recognized that the wide differences between incomes of the rich and of the poor are no longer held to be unavoidable. This argues against what is commonly treated as the Pareto's Law; that is, income distribution does not change across regions and times. According to Pareto's view, one may not be better off without making at least another person worse off. There are some doubts on the belief that people are poor because they were born from poor families. Governments may play important roles in increasing the income of the poor by introducing such policies which are likely to improve the welfare of the lowest income class of the population. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9422/ Sun, 01 Dec 1991 00:00:01 GMT <div>Mengistu, Molla</div> Generally, the role of foreign assistance in the process of economic development has thus far been debatable. For some countries it is believed to have helped to increase their investment resources, to ease their foreign exchange constraint and to create a mul tiplier effect on their overall economic development. On the other hand, the record for other countries, as suggested by some studies, seems to have been counterproducti ve. Thus, the impact of external aid on growth remains ambiguous and controversial. The impact of aid on the Ethiopian economy could be assessed in this context. The country is one of the least developed countries whose investment resources are very much limited and thi s problem is compounded by severe foreign exchange constraint. Prima facie, external assistance https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9384/ Sun, 01 Jan 1995 00:00:01 GMT <div>Nagaoka, Hiroaki</div> The advancement of industrialization has created a situation which may bring human beings towards extinction: nuclear wars and nuclear plant accidents are obvious examples. Such human actions possibly threaten human survival. Furthermore, environmental problems (i. e. global environmental problems: global warming, ozone depletion, tropical forest destruction, and so on) also begin to be recognized as the threat to human survival. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9702/ Fri, 01 Dec 1995 00:00:01 GMT <div>Green, Jennifer Marcia</div> Some of the major challenges facing many countries, particularly those commonly referred to as 'developing', or 'less developed' revolve around their human resources - significant imbalances in the demand for and the supply of labour. Additionally, these countries are usually characterized by, inter alia, serious employment problems, low and declining per capita lncome, and low standards of living. Differing policies and strategies have been developed and pursued with mixed results. Some countries have demonstrated some evidence of economic improvements, experiencing growth as measured by the traditional indicators ego GDP, GNP, BOP, etc. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8231/ Mon, 01 Dec 1997 00:00:01 GMT <div>Agaba, Cloy Ann</div> The paper reviews the effect of fiscal adjustment on the growth of the Ugandan Economy. No single factor is responsible for the growth of any economy but rather a blend of various policies and factors combine to propel a country to growth. Fiscal adjustment has been one of the various growth-oriented structural adjustment measures that Uganda has embarked on since 1987 to revive the economy that had suffered 15 years of decay and decline. Fiscal health is necessary for long term growth and stability but like most structural adjustment policies, fiscal adjustment policies in Uganda have been contested for their contradictions and repercussions on growth. Fiscal adjustment policies are indeed contractionary in the short run especially if there exist market rigidities but the long run effects may be expansionary. However, depending on the efficacy with which the measures are designed and implemented, even the short run need not be contractionary. The notion that the budget deficit is not bad for growth as long as it can be financed by noninflationary means like external and domestic non-bank borrowing does not hold a solution for Uganda. The capital market of stocks and bonds is still rudimentary and underdeveloped. External borrowing has increased Uganda's debt overhang to alarming rates. A high external debt ratio to GDP acts as a tax to future investors as proceeds from investment have to be used to repay the loan and the interest that accrues to it. Besides foreign investors are reluctant to invest in highly-indebted countries and this has negative repercussions for growth. There was therefore a strong case for Uganda to undertake fiscal adjustment. Reducing the deficit was not the only reason for fiscal adjustment in Uganda. Other objectives included improving productive and X-efficiency as well as "getting the priceslincentives right" all of which are necessary for growth. This study on Uganda is aimed at evaluating the effect of the various measures of fiscal adjustment on the factors that affect the growth of the economy. Obviously, there exist both positive and negative effects of fiscal adjustment and these are reviewed in the paper. In a nutshell, total investment as a share of GDP increased following fiscal adjustment, Inflation rates fell, improved efficiency was recorded especially in the manufacturing sector, enrollment at tertiary education level increased slightly, health care consumption declined especially in the rural areas, and the gap between the rural poor and urban population widened. The period of fiscal adjustment coincides with a period of commendable growth in Uganda. Other factors aside from fiscal adjustment were also at play during the time of fiscal adjustment. These included liberalisation of trade and the exchange rate and financial liberalisation. Improved Infrastructure (road-networking), and export enhancement and diversity also contributed to Uganda's growth in that period. Conclusively, growth-oriented fiscal adjustment should not adversely affect the work effort, induce capital flight, suffocate the export sector, reduce private investment or lead to a reduction in the savings leveL It should therefore aim at achieving a reduction in the deficit with minimum inhibition to growth. The elimination of expenditure on inefficient SOEs and a down-sizing of the inefficient civil service were plausible policies for Uganda for the inefficiencies they cause hamper growth. Fiscal adjustment that will be durable and efficient in impact while at the same time bearing minimum costs on growth underscores the importance of prudence and efficiency in designing and implementing fiscal adjustment measures. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8234/ Tue, 01 Dec 1998 00:00:01 GMT <div>Kiggundu, Sulaiman</div> The paper reviev.'s the implications of agricultural trade liberalisation on performance of the coffee sector in Uganda. There has been considerable debate in the literature on the responsiveness of agriculture to price incentives in Africa. Proponents of lfberalisation believe that control and involvement in the marketing and pricing of export crops lJas been responsible for a considerable share of the deterioration of producer incentives and thus affect the growth of agriculture sector. The belief that government intervention in agriculture pricing and marketing affects agricultural growth partly holds for Uganda. Government policy can affect agriculture through: a) control over output and input prices, b) laxation or subsidies that affect those prices, c) institutional arrangements (e.g. access to credit. Inputs, information) and d) actions that affect productivity in other sectors. Direct government policies, including price fixing for products or inputs, or the taxation of their trade, affect profitability and productivity of farming directly, and result in the shifting of resources beMeen crops, or in moving resources out of agriculture into other sectors. Regarding the negative effects of government involvement in agriculture, there was therefore a strong case for the liberalisatiol1 of agricultural trade, more especially for coffee, the largest foreign exchange earner for the country. Reducing these negative effects was not the only reason for liberalization in Uganda. Other objectives included, improving on the quality of coffee, increasing the volume of exports and making the marketing system efficient by introducing more elements of competi ti on. The study on Uganda aimed at evaluating the impact of liberalisation on the coffee sector. There exist both positive and negative effects and these are reviewed in the paper. In a nutshell, coffee exports increased following liberalisation which hastened competition in both the internal and export markets, production as well as productivity has also improved due too provision of better incentives, producer prices have increased, crop finance is no longer a perennial problem owing to the waiving of the restriction on pre-finance facility which allo .... ed exporting traders to solicit finances from foreign sources as well as improvement in the quality of coffee. Compared to other rival export crops namely cotton and tea, the performance and response of coffee to these polic)' changes is far greater. all the other hand, the study also found oui ihai coffee productivity in Uganda is higher compared to other African countries i. e. Cote d'Ivoire and Cameroon, which also liberalised their coffee marketing and pricing policies. The period of liberalisatioll coincides with a period of commendable growth in Uganda. Other factors aside from liberalisatioll were also at play during the time of liberalisation. T1iese included liberalisation of trade and the exchange rate and financial liberalisation. Improved infrastructure (road networking) and a relatively stable political environment in the country have also contributed to agricultural sector growth in general and the coffee sector in particular. Conclusively, though agricultural liberalisation is necessary', it's far from being a sufficient polic), instrument for generating agricultural growth. Agricultural market liberalisation and privatisation should be accompanied by sound govemment policies for its success. Government control and regulation of agriculture needs to be reduced, but this should be replaced by an increased govemment role in the areas of support to counter the market failures, which may retard agricultural development. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9248/ Tue, 01 Dec 1998 00:00:01 GMT <div>Sargana, Muhammad Arif</div> Pakistan is right now among those developing countries, which face a high population and limited opportunities for employment. With the introduction of new technology in the agriculture sector, a boom in the industrialization sector and remittances from the Gulf in late 1970s, these have caused massive migration from rural agricultural sector to the urban industrial sector. However, due to the current mechanization, employment elasticities in agricultural sector as well as in the industrial sector are declining [Kamal. 1993]. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9381/ Wed, 01 Dec 1999 00:00:01 GMT <div>Naqvi, Kaubab Hassan</div> Pakistan initiated structural adjustment reforms since 1980 as advocate by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) and trade liberalisation remains an important part of such reform policies. Most of the studies have focused their attention on individual elements of trade liberalisation such as devaluation by using econometric techniques. Similarly still others have used a "compactor country" approach to assess the macroeconomic impact of adjustment programmes. However this approach requires each country to have similar economic structure and a same external environment. It also requires that each country exhibit highly similar performance in the pre-adjustment period. Satisfying both of these requirements in practice would seem a difficult and necessarily problematic task. (Mark McGILLIVRA Y 1995). Moreover these studies fail in taking into account the general equilibrium effects of a policy change on different sectors of the economy. In general there is a lack of adequate quantitative methodology to .assess the impact of liberalisation with particular focus on trade liberalisation and its economy wide impacts. A general equilibrium framework is therefore required to capture the impact of trade liberalisation on different sectors of the economy. This study presents a Computable General Equilibrium(CGE) model for Pakistan that will be used for more detailed analysis of such policies. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8235/ Wed, 01 Dec 1999 00:00:01 GMT <div>Koca, Gentiana</div> https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9423/ Fri, 01 Dec 2000 00:00:01 GMT <div>Melendez, Anna Cassandra</div> Up until recently, publicly-provided education was offered to users at highly subsidized, and sometimes even zero, prices. That government should intervene in the education pricing mechanism was largely taken for granted by policymakers, at least up until the late 1970s. Beginning in the 1980s, a confluence of factors led to a re-examination of this policy, particularly· in the case of developing countries. Rapid population growth, tight fiscal budgets, and slow growth prospects prevented public subsidies to education from growing fast enough to meet the ever-increasing demand for school places. Not only were resources insufficient; in many instances, they were alsomisallocated, tending to benefit the rich more than the poor. These, together with the growing influence of neoliberal approaches to development, set the stage for sector-wide reforms aimed at rationalizing price subsidies in education. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9149/ Sat, 01 Dec 2001 00:00:01 GMT <div>Bhatt, Shiv Raj</div> Nepal, a small Himalayan kingdom, sandwiched between two giant neighbours China and India, with a very low per capita income of $1 244 per annum (NPC, HMG Nepal 2000), is one of the poorest countries in the world. Widespread poverty and unequal distribution of income are its most challenging issues. During the second half of the 20th century, Nepal has made substantial economic progress under planned development efforts, however crucial issues of economic development, specially the problem of poverty and inequality are still unsolved and are expanding day by day. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8233/ Sat, 01 Dec 2001 00:00:01 GMT <div>Jiangzhong, Dai</div> https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/13705/ Mon, 31 Dec 2001 00:00:01 GMT <div>Carias Vega, Dora Eugenia</div> https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/11157/ Tue, 31 Dec 2002 00:00:01 GMT <div>Aden, Ahmed Arab</div> The main objective of this paper is to conduct a descriptive comparative study on macroeconomic impacts of capital inflows and their management in Chile, Thailand, and Kenya. The surge of Capital inflows in these countries took place in different time period and had different compositions (recently mainly in the fonn of volatile short-tenn capital inflows). The capital inflows had different macroeconomic impacts because of difference in policy environment and the nature of capital composition in these countries. The inflows boost investment in Thailand and Chile (more importantly in Thailand) whereas in Kenya stimulated more consumption and surge in imports. The short-tenn capital inflows to these countries brought about appreciation of the real exchange rates, deterioration of the current account, capital flight, and uncertainty in the domestic markets. To manage these massive short-tenn capital inflows governments undertook different policy measures as prudential measures and capital controls to counteract the speculative nature of the inflows. In general, the authorities managed to attain a short-lived relief from these capital controls. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/9144/ Mon, 01 Dec 2003 00:00:01 GMT <div>Alpenidze, Irma</div> In the process of transition, trying to recover from the economic crises after the collapse of Soviet Union, many of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)3 countries have become more natural resource dependent. Consequently, IFIs recommended macroeconomic policies consistent with the patterns of volatile growth performance characteristic to most resource-rich countries: prudent fiscal, monetary and trade policies. The implications of the recommended policies, especially those emphasising the liberalisation of international trade, capital and natural resource markets can be crucial for the development perspectives of those countries. Hence, the soundness of theoretical underpinnings and the extent of its applicability to transition economies becomes an important and interesting matter to scrutinise.