https://thesis.eur.nl/col/5017/ List of Publications en https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15551/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Ortiz Escobar, Ginna</div> What is happening to the co-responsibility between State, Civil Society and Family, in terms of child protection, towards street children in Maputo? The following paper aims to identify and understand how the Child Protection System in Mozambique works to guarantee protection for street children. If children need to go to the streets in order to help with the income of the house-hold, the main causes for this to happen –poverty and violence within the family- are not being addressed. It is important that a clear shared responsibility among State, Civil Society and Family exists in order to guarantee the no violation of children’s rights. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/47371/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Tekle, Melete Gebregiorgis</div> The study is aimed at exploring the main actors and their motives in promoting ambitious graduation plans from Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethio-pia. The results show that the main actor behind promoting graduation is the government through its agencies and institutions with limited involvement from Development Partners. The main driving force behind the high interest to pursue graduation is the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) that aims to graduate all Public Works beneficiaries by 2014 with aspiration to enable the country to be self-sufficient and avoid food-aid dependency. This increased political commitment to promote graduation in Tigray region. Though gradua-tion is justified technically, the study found that political considerations out-weigh technical food security and social protection decision making which might compromise the livelihood of chronically food insecure households. The current politicised graduation system increases the possibility of graduat-ing households slide back to chronic or transitory food insecurity due to the vulnerable nature of rural livelihoods as a result of natural shocks and people’s multiple deprivations. Although PSNP is considered as one of the social pro-tection initiatives in developing countries that represent ‘revolution from the South’ believed to be basis for broadening and institutionalizing social protec-tion provisioning; the study argues that the current graduation system prevents institutionalization of social protection in Ethiopia which might lead to prolif-eration of short term targeted interventions or emergency relief systems that do not address the root causes of poverty and vulnerability of the rural poor. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15511/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Laire, Susanna</div> Definitions of poverty have varied a lot within past few decades, depending on the approach. The newer trends have been interested in relative dimensions of poverty and its relations to other social issues such as social exclusion. This study has focused on youth poverty in Finland. Poverty is understood mainly in relative term (60% from median) and youth as a process of transition, rather than certain age limit (16-29). This case study examined experiences of poverty and social exclusion of five young women – between age of 25 and 29. Each woman provided a unique view to the topic. Results of this study reflect to the fact that there is high percentage of youth poverty in Finland (in ages 20-24), they underlined how distribution within the poor and within the households, emphasized specific features that relates to youths transition processes becoming independent, and among other findings demonstrated what kind of gaps there are in Finnish Social security system. Although poverty in rich countries is mainly measured in relative term, this study showed that line between relative and absolute definitions is sometimes drawn in water. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15550/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Nakimbugwe, Grace Lisa</div> The study examined alternative family and community care options and how they can be strengthened; cultural attitudes and perceptions of the communities and experiences of prospective foster and adoptive parents as regards reunification, kinship care, fostering and adoption; the study examined Government’s position and policies in place to support family reunification with institutionalized children, and sought views about how hindrances to family care can be dealt with. Children as young as one day continue to be abandoned due to problems facing Ugandan households and affecting children such as, HIV/AIDS, food insecurity (JLICA 2009), exclusion of girls and women thereby little access by to health services resulting into unwanted pregnancies; conflict as shown by (MGLSD 2006). The result is teenage births combined with fear to look after babies; young parents on streets of Kampala; mother’s anger due to abandon-ment by the responsible fathers (Rowbottom (2007); fear of looking after HIV positive children and parents relinquishing their responsibilities to babies homes due to poverty (Ssendi & Giadono).Abandoned children, therefore, find themselves in care institutions. Through a three pronged methodology with use of peer reviewed literature, grey-literature, and qualitative interviews and observation, data generated indicated that indeed care institutions are not the best places for children to grow, they deserve and thrive better within family and community environments (JLICA 2009). Findings have indicated that Government of Uganda has written an ECD policy (MGLSD 2013b) and also drafted an Alternative Care Framework (MGLSD 2013a) outlining guidelines for care institution; they should keep a child for only three months and resettle them with their families or another permanent solution like fostering, local adoption, inter-country adoption, or specialised residential care for children(ibid). Tension was however, realised between care institutions and Government threatening their closure if they do not comply to set rules; but they reiterate complaining that Government left all child activities to them without any financial support. Extended families should be provided financial support; public should be educated on fostering and adoption; government-led programmes to empower people out of poverty scourge; counselling and support to the families that have abandoned their children and those likely to abandon them; suspension of inter-country adoption to give room to national adoption (MGLSD 2013c suspension of inter-country adoption). If alternative family and community care options are to help children, social exclusion of their mothers should be eliminated in the first place, so that we have a country free of ‘nobody’s children’. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15554/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Mfeka-Ngada, Innoscentia Zandile</div> The exclusion of refugee children in the South African education system in the post-apartheid period has attracted the attention of non-state actors, human rights organizations and non-governmental organisations to intervene with alternative solutions to close this gap. This paper examines the factors that shape the schooling of refugee children in South Africa, as well as their experiences in accessing education in both public and private settings. This paper looks at the role played by non-state actors who fill this inadequacy gap; how responsive are these alternatives to the government discourse & practises for education of the refugee children. This study situates the Right to Education of a refugee child within the context of inclusion and exclusion approaches by looking at the experiences of the refugee children within the system. Views and perceptions of refugee children with regards to the type and quality of education they receive are analysed and the way they engage and interact within the system with their fellow learners, teachers, new environment taking into consideration the language, diversity and ethnicity. New government policies have recently been adopted to include refugees in the mainstream system; however findings high-light a social problem (xenophobia) that exacerbates the exclusion of refugee children within the system. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15442/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Adam, Abdel Rahman</div> This research paper attempts to explore the underpinning reasons behind the phenomenon of children dropping out of school at the early stage of edu-cation (basic/primary schooling). The paper firstly reviews the education system in the Republic of Sudan, with more focus on the National Policy of Education for All (NPEA) and its social, economic and political implications. In order to meet the above objective; the paper uses secondary data gathered from different sources including Federal and Local government, United Nations and other International and national Organizations and the media. The study employs citizenship and right based approaches, and critically evaluates the connection between the education policy and the phenomenon of school dropouts, before it concludes with recommendations which include suggestions of strategies which will assist in dealing with the issue of school dropout. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15505/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Okugbeni, Ruth Eguono</div> Despite the policy of a free and compulsory education, about 9 million school aged children in Nigeria are currently not served by this policy. This research is an attempt to make visible the experiences of school aged Muslim boys who are excluded from the mainstream school system. Drawing on qualitative field research and textual analysis, the study examined the ways in which they are excluded specifically looking at causal factors that structure their schooling/under-schooling. Research findings show that while this universal program of education has enabled access for some children, children from poor rural Muslim households are not able to enact their active citizenship through the rights to education. A limited focus of western-styled education, indirect costs and childhood construction amongst others were found in the study to have thrust these households into alternatives considered as ‘free’ for their children. The research findings therefore unveil the failure of the state to be responsive to the multiplicity of childhoods in the context where rural Muslim households desire both religious and western-styled education for their children. Ultimately, the study highlights the need for the state to provide meaningful education that takes account of the diversity of childhoods through broadening the present focus and content of western-styled education. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15510/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Rojan, Ibrahim</div> This research examines why the youth of Palestine are absent from the political arena. It focuses on the way youth perceive political participation and the role-played by the Palestinian Authority and political parties in encouraging or discouraging such participation. Using the right-based approach, the research will attempt to shed light on the various limitations that youth face in becoming real citizens in the Palestinian society. The data was examined and the following conclusion was reached: Weak citizenship is a feature not only of youth in Palestine – it also applies to adults and both groups can be considered citizens to be. This is the result both of the occupation that controls the situation in Palestine and of the policies of the Palestinian Authority and the unclear role of the political parties. The political confusion that youth face had an effect as well. To this end, the research sheds light on other factors aside from occupation that limit the active participation of youth in Palestine. It helps the reader to pause and analyse from the young people’s point of view what the Palestinian Authority, political parties, and people in power do to disappoint youth. It explains how the general feeling among Palestinian youth is that the Palestinian Authority and political parties are drifting away from the national goal, which is the creation of an effective sovereign state. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15512/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Mabiza, Vimbai</div> In this thesis I intertwine ageing and rural change. These two concepts have surprisingly largely been developed in relative isolation from one another although in real life they tend to be very close to each other. To do this I focus on the phenomenon of elderly Zimbabweans who turn to the rural areas and pursue farm-based livelihoods, following retirement from careers in formal ur-ban employment and residency in urban settings. I use the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) as a case study through which I investigate these retired elderly’s participation in farming activities. To be able to analyse my case study I draw from some important concepts. Of particular interest to my analysis from the ageing literature such as the social construction of retirement and ageing. I also examine the issue of agency among the elderly. Examining if and how their decisions are influenced by culture and economic conditions. I thus use these concepts in my contribution towards the debates on rural change in Zimbabwe giving special attention to the dynamics brought about by the FTLRP. This I do using an elderly generation lens. My argument is constructed as follows: There exists an existing pattern of the elderly’s turn to the land following life within the urban sphere that dates back to colonial times. I argue that this phenomenon cannot be reduced to a mere continuation of socio-historical patterns. By juxtaposing the life course trajectory of the cohort of ‘retired the elderly’/ ‘new farmers’ in this study with the political-economic developments in Zimbabwe I bring out how important points of convergence between these two rhythms of development. This cohort grew up in an era where land was unequally distributed. They then lived their adult lives under an economy that was doing relatively well with employment opportunities being available. As the Zimbabwean economy was exhibiting signs of collapse, their retirement was also in sight and an uncertain future for these soon to be retired the elderly was presented. It was at this juncture of the unknown that the Fast Track Land Reform Programme was implemented. Having observed the important intersections of these two trajectories of both historical times in Zimbabwe and the elderly’s lives, I noticed how studies on land reform in Zimbabwe have generally omitted ‘age’ as a variable. Furthermore, where age is included in the rural transformation debates it tends to be limited to how young people are leaving farming and rural areas. Very little is mentioned with regards to the elderly’s staying, or even returning to the land. The participation of the elderly in the Fast Track Land Reform Programme is not elaborated on and therefore difficult to determine at least from the debates proffered on the issue. I argue that the literature on rural change thus needs to incorporate work on ageing in order to fully comprehend the phenomenon of ‘ageing new farmers’. Currently this body of work is largely concerned with processes of agrarian differentiation which are illuminated through a class-based analysis. Without dismissing the immense value of this work, I argue that it fails to take into cognisance this ostensibly insignificant phenomenon of ‘ageing new farmers’ as a socio-cultural process shaped by the elderly’s efforts to become successful older persons in socio-cultural terms. I construct this argument by attending to the value of land in relation to the social construct of the elderly and how the construction of ‘musha’ and farming signifies an important form of ‘labour’ among the elderly in Zimbabwe. In conclusion, this thesis makes two key contributions. Firstly, it demonstrates the importance of adopting an interdisciplinary perspective that weaves together bodies of literature that are seldom put in conversation. Second, it calls for a deeper conceptualization of temporalities within development studies by seeking to integrate the temporal dynamics of individual life course trajectories with broader politico-economic trajectories of development. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15439/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Bonje, Annabelle B.</div> In the Netherlands the existing legislation regarding access to health care among undocumented migrants is generally favourable, however, this provisioning becomes problematic in practice. The conflicting policy objectives of the states create a condition of liminality, which hinders the undocumented migrants in accessing health care services. In the dominant discourses, the liminal bodies of undocumented Filipino migrants are seen as docile bodies and passive victims of health injustices. I contend that there is a need to re-examine the homogenization implied by dominant discourses among undocumented migrants. This paper argues that these liminal bodies of undocumented Filipino migrants emerge as self-governing individuals capable of navigating within the grey zone of liminality prevailing within the Dutch health care system. The condition of liminality widens their agentive capacity and enables them to contribute in the knowledge production in light of the epistemology of meaning-makings and place-making. Analyzing the narratives of undocumented Filipino migrants, I critically explore how these crafting of meanings related to their embodied lived experiences thus influence their health seeking behaviour. I utilize the ethnographies of experience and Filipino Psychology to examine how these liminal bodies address their health needs within their immediate horizon. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15552/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Belaye, Hone Mandefro</div> Despite the global focus on poverty reduction and sophistications in poverty measurements, there is still lack of consensus on how to measure poverty. Different ways measuring poverty continued to suggest different rates of poverty prevalence, sometimes with contradictory trend or very wide discrepancies. How do such uncertainties on trends of poverty decline affect national politics in context where regime tries to build its legitimacy on poverty reduction and economic performance? This study examined two contradictory discourses on the trend of poverty decline in Ethiopia in the last two decades; one depicting rapid fall and the other a high level of poverty declining marginally. The study examined who is arguing what? Based on what evidence? One group, which supports of the ruling regime, uses government’s consumption poverty statistics to argue that poverty has dropped significantly as a result of recent economic growth in the country. As its legitimacy based on normative values such democratization and rule of law is declining and is accused being authoritarian, the government tries to legitimatize itself on economic performance and aggressively promotes its statistics. This compels the other group, which the study found it to be usually very critical of the government, rejects the government’s data and instead uses the multidimensional poverty index form OPHI to argue that poverty has remained widespread and declined only marginally. They also draw on IMF statistics and argue that the economy has not been growing as fast as the government claims, (and there-fore could not have contributed to poverty reduction), and accuse the regime fabricating data. This way, the opposition group attempt to delegitimatize the regime. The study thus established that theses two discourses are being “done” by pre-established groups defined in relation to their view towards the regime. As such statistics is being used selectively to fit actor’s political interests and poverty numbers are used as means of conducting politics- politics by numbers. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15553/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Farahat, Hind Jamal Farah</div> Despite a formal discourse of equal citizenship in Jordan, orphaned youth, especially those with no lawful lineage are still marginalised and excluded. This thesis examines how orphaned youth in Jordan enact their citizenship in the legal, social and civil society fields. An ethnographic study with a group of politically active orphans in Amman was conducted mainly focused on unstructured interviews. Bourdieu’s Social Reflexivity Theory and a framework of citizenship theories in the Arab World are used to analyse various aspects of the orphan’s experiences in the three above-mentioned fields. I argue that within all fields, various aspects of orphan’s citizenship are constrained by patriarchal and patrilineal structures and habitus. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15546/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Ochom, John Leonard</div> The contention between the National Innovation System (NIS) and Triple Helix (TH) on what and how universities should contribute to innovation has stood for some time now. Developing countries recently instituted innovation policies or incorporated innovation into their previous science and technology policies. Universities in such developing countries are critical resources for research. They are the option now for the pursuit of innovation and technology transfer. This paper considers the case of Makerere University in a least developed country: Uganda. Several historical and present conditions have made university-based innovation an option. The paper finds the undertaking as reasonably justifiable in the context of the prevailing economic structure and the broader national challenges. The university can play a greater role in the country’s technological transformation which should be beyond only passing out graduates as framed in the reformulated ‘developmental university’ of Brundenius et al (2008). The internal university status however does not support the need for reorganization and transformation that TH advocates for. TH rather has to appreciate the challenges faced by universities in developing countries which it has not conceived in its framework. Prevailing fears over loss of institutional autonomy and integrity, university privatization and knowledge commodification may not necessarily be outcomes of university-based innovation. Issues of public support and system coordination require redressed within national policy which should arise out of clear understanding of the university’s significance to national development. The ‘entrepreneurial university’ and the reformulated ‘developmental university’ bear insights but both hold extremes. Each if taken in full measure might not be most helpful to developing countries’ technological efforts. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15549/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Garba, Gloria</div> This study seeks to find out the contribution of an on-going government initiative (NRGP) to improved living conditions of farmers in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Services provided under the NRGP are in the agricultural food crop sector and include new and improved methods of farming (extension services), fertilizer, tractor service, seeds and marketing. Using both primary and secondary data, it is observed that individuals who are participating in the NRGP are experiencing some positive changes in their lives in the areas of in-come generation and consumption in context of delivery of NRGP services and other technical challenges in accessing inputs. There is also a positive cor-relation between improved maize harvests and increasing availability of mechanized inputs. Despite improved incomes, an appreciable proportion of respondents still earn barely above the national minimum wage. Re-design of the NRGP to consider some peculiar characteristics of poor people in order for them to participate and derive maximum benefits from the NRGP is recommended for programmatic success. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15502/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Trejo Mendez, Paulina</div> This paper looks at the subjective experiences of Spanish organized youth who are being affected by the economic crisis. This paper follows a standpoint epistemology. This research focuses on how their practices question the current dominant discourse depicting today’s Spanish youth as a “lost generation”. Theory on generation is used in order to denote the problematic idea of trying to identify today what can only be defined (in the future). Ideas from anarchist politics and autonomous movements are used to explore Spanish youth current ways of organizing and making politics. Post-structuralist theory is used to explore the influence of discourses in constructing reality. The theories used, together with the stories collected through fieldwork invite us to: First, consider other realities and possibilities of future. Specifically the ones that don’t follow the dominant way of being economically developed. Second, move from the event that defines a cohort (economic crisis) in order to focus on the experiences of those who are being affected by it. Finally, look at the ways these youth are resisting and organizing, creating alternatives within the context of economic crisis. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15503/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Hansine, Rogers Justo Mateus</div> The present paper investigates how the hegemonic, public and institutionalized perception about population and development is socially constructed in Mozambique. It uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the processes of knowledge construction, dissemination and maintenance. The institutionalized and dominant public perception about the problématique of Population and Development in Mozambique seems to comprise mainly the following and interlinked questions: 1 Demographically Mozambique presents high Rate of Natural Increase and this trend will continue in the forthcoming decades; 2 The current Rate of Natural Increase makes the demographic structure of the Mozambican population younger; 3 Both, the rate and the demographic structure are socio-economically unsustainable, keeping the country underdeveloped; 4 If fertility transition continues delayed, Mozambique is doomed to underdevelopment. This research demonstrate the extent in which this hegemonic, public and institutionalized perceptions neglected that the dynamics of development can occur independently of the dynamics of fertility decline and therefore lower fertility may be the common future for people in poor and rich countries. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15507/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Barik, Suddhasattwa</div> Primary education is the base for overall development of the individual and society. Hence it is a basic and fundamental right not only ensured by the Indian Constitution but it is also the second objective of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), which India has subscribed to, is the goal of Universalisation of the Primary/Elementary Education (UEE). Therefore, the Indian Government adopted primary education as a strategy to eradicate all forms of discrimination that exist between different socio-cultural groups within Indian society. To ensure this, the Indian government launched and implemented the National Schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) in 2001, across the length and breadth of the country, to provide compulsory primary education to all. Further, to strengthen the SSA, Indian Parliament has enacted the Right to Education Act (RtE)-2009 to provide free and compulsory primary education for all children in the age group between 6-14 years and has made it obligatory for State governments to provide and fulfil this right to all its citizens, irrespective of their different class, caste, creed, race, religion and ethnicity. Everyone should get an opportunity to access, retain and complete quality primary education through joyful learning. This in-turn will bring selfdevelopment among the children and overall development of the society and nation. However, even with the implementation of such national and state schemes/programmes, they have failed to reach the children living in the geographically remotest and backward regions where it is seen that the major concentration of population belong to the Schedule Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Other Backward Classes (OBCs). It is these children who are getting denied access to free and compulsory basic quality primary education in India especially in West Bengal today. The State Government of West Bengal has launched an innovative and alternative scheme of primary education that is Sishu Shiksha Karmasuchi (SSK) in 1997-98 to meet the educational demand of the people residing in the backward regions and required that this programme be owned and managed by the community, so that the community could address the need of primary education for their children and fulfil it with the support of the government. However with the passage of time the SSK programme has been undertaken by the government bodies and run as a parallel scheme of SSA. Therefore, there are major constraints that the programme is facing. There have not been any changes in the policy framework of SSK that is why the government officials still consider it to be a community-owned and managed programme and pay less attention to it. Along with the takeover by the government, the community has lost its legitimate power to run the programme. As a result the programme is running but in a neglected manner. For which the net sufferers are the children residing in the remote areas (belonging to SCs, STs, and OBCs communities) who fail to receive basic quality primary education. My research paper will attempt to critically analyse the quality aspects of the existing primary education policy and its implementation mechanisms and processes in India and especially in West Bengal. I have done this through primary research in the backward regions of Metalli Block in Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, India, using qualitative methods of interview with different stakeholders. I have also analysed the research problem with the existing concepts mentioned in the literature regarding primary education in developing and developed country contexts that I have reviewed. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15509/ Fri, 13 Dec 2013 00:00:01 GMT <div>Coumans, Sara Vida</div> Social protection policies regarding sex work in The Netherlands use ‘age’ as an instrument to create binaries between adults and young people. The concept ‘chronological age’ assumes that age is a static feature and supports the process of categorization; however, age is a socially constructed phenomenon and has an embodied experience that is gendered. The objective of this research is to understand the role of ‘age’ in shaping social protection policies regarding sex work in The Netherlands, by analyzing how age is understood by those involved in the design and implementation of policies related to sex work in The Netherlands. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/17501/ Fri, 12 Dec 2014 00:00:01 GMT <div>Gebreegziabher, Tesfa Teferi</div> From the total of development-induced displacement, 60% (6 million displaced people) in the world are caused by urban related projects (Stanley 2004, Robinson 2003). Likewise, the city government of Addis Ababa is undertaking huge displacement program aiming to provide decent houses for its dwellers and to change the image of the city through inner city slum rehabilitation. Providing land for the displaced having land tenure right, condominium houses and finally kebele houses are the three relocation strategies but two of the three are the concern of this paper. Generally, what effect does have the displacement program on relocated livelihood and more specifically how the strategies enacted by the city government has affecting the displaced households requires to be examined. In this paper, the effect of displacement on relocatees livelihood in terms of economy, social solidarity and basic services and infrastructure is assessed using both qualitative and quantitative data collection approach. The findings of the study are substantiated and examined using literatures to see how it suit or deviate from the existing theory farmed through impoverishment, risks and reconstruction (IRR) model, the “right to the city” approach and housing. It argued that displacement program enabled some households to possess condominium houses (who able to pay). However, the paper also explores the former area( inner city) has multidimensional importance for dwellers in terms of source of their livelihood, residence area, centre of social solidarity and as hub of all basic services and infrastructures. In contrary, the new area (both condominium and Kebele houses) accessing all these benefits is too difficult. Kebele dwellers are always scared and continuing unstable since the substitute kebele houses will be demolished soon. Likewise, condominium dwellers are also facing critical financial constraints to cover the mortgage payment. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/17499/ Fri, 12 Dec 2014 00:00:01 GMT <div>Kapingidza, Samuel</div> The crisis in Zimbabwe manifested itself in serious challenges in the education sector as a whole. However, rural schools have been the worst affected. Political intimidation and persecution of teachers resulted in mass exodus of teachers and closure of schools in 2008. Hyperinflation rendered the teachers’ salaries worthless. Since then, the crisis is far from being over although there is now political stability. Rural teachers have been demoralised by poor remuneration and lack of motivation. In trying to adapt to the poor working conditions, teachers adopt a range of practices, some of which are adverse to access and quality of education. The paper focuses on the impact of the crisis on access and quality of education in the context of teachers’ unruly practices.