Travel Demand Management Policies: A comparison between 'Park & Ride' and 'Congestion pricing' according to their transportation and non-transportation benefits and drawbacks

For the past decade travelers have experienced increments in traffic and transport policy makers are challenged to solve these problems of transportation. There are a few transportation demand management policies to increase awareness of traffic and hence make travelers switch to more sustainable modes of transport. This literature review evaluates and compares park and ride with congestion pricing, two policies that have been researched abundantly. Results show that congestion pricing is more effective than park and ride when implementation is done appropriately, because congestion pricing is more constrained to the social, political and legal contexts of the place of implementation. Thus transport policy makers should be aware of these contexts in their decision making process to make sure that the most effective transport demand management policy is implemented.