The effectiveness of Congestion Charging Zones: Case studies of Stockholm, London and Singapore

This paper discusses the effectiveness of Congestion Charging Zones in Stockholm, London and Singapore and compares the most important effects that road pricing have on these metropoles. In these case studies, an emphasis is put on the effects to congestion, emissions and Public Transport usage, which are the considered to be the main objectives for policy makers. Furthermore, side effects such as the impact on road accidents and retail sales are also taken into account. The methodology type that is used in this paper is a desk research. It follows that Congestion Charging Zones have a substantial positive effect on congestion as well as emission levels within all charging zones. Furthermore, an increase in Public Transport usage of approximately 5% is the result of the road pricing policy in all case studies. Concerning the effects on road accidents and retail sales, no clear effect has been found.