Women traditional coffee vendors harmful utilization of traditional biomass energy for cooking in Bahir Dar City Ethiopia

Biomass energy is an important but generally overlooked source of energy in many developing countries, and it is used in a highly inefficient manner, especially in households. This is due to the direct burning of wood, charcoal, leaves, agricultural residues, and animal dung for cooking. The majority of Ethiopian population is dependent on the use of traditional biomass energy. Their dependence is also related to socioeconomic situation and place of residence. Almost the entire population in rural areas of Ethiopia uses traditional biomass, while the urban population uses it as a supplementary. As for the target population of this study, traditional coffee vendors on the streets of Bahir Dar also use traditional biomass for coffee preparation. Therefore, the study investigated the factors that determine the traditional biomass energy consumption pattern, access, and the health impacts. The study is based on the theory of access and the model of energy lander and stacking. To achieve these objectives, a mixed methods research approach with concurrent research design was used. Data were analyzed both quantitatively (descriptive and inferential statistics) and qualitatively (thematic). The analysis revealed that biomass energy type, income level, and access to credit are positively related to biomass energy consumption patterns. That is, increasing access to other traditional biomass, increasing income, and access to credit led WTCV to use energy from multiple traditional biomasses. Age, on the other hand, is negatively related to women's energy use behavior, meaning that as women's age increases, they are more likely to use a single traditional biomass than multiple biomasses. Thus, based on the regression results, WTCV are more likely to use the energy stack model than the energy lander model. In addition to the determinant factors, both the descriptive and textual data showed that WTCV they are using because the ceremonies performed with traditional biomass are required by customers and has traditional values. As a result, the higher reliance on traditional biomass energy causes lung (breath) related health effects and bodily injuries from open fire use.