The role of socio-economic factors in flood vulnerability in low-income informal settlements

This study discusses the role of socio-economic factors in flood vulnerability of low-income informal settlements in Soche, Blantyre City, Malawi. It aimed at examining the dynamic relationship between socioeconomic factors and vulnerability to flooding, with the goal of offering suggestions to improve resilience within the study area. Mixed research methodology was employed whereby quantitative and qualitative tools were used. The survey questionnaire and Flood Vulnerability Index were used as quantitative tools and the qualitative ones were focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with key informants with technical knowledge about flood management issues of the study area. Study results suggest that factors such as education level, household income, occupation and access to financial services have a significant influence on flood vulnerability of people in the study are based on the sample used. However, other factors like age, gender, access to flood risk information, family support system and flood perceptions did not indicate significant effect on flood vulnerability. Due to socio-economic disparities in the study areas, further research was recommended to combine socio-economic, environmental, and physical components to understand how these components interact and affect flood vulnerability in the study area. The research raises issues about how policy and planning affect urban growth and service delivery. Given that urban expansion increases flood risk, how urban social economic services and projects are developed and managed may provide new practical insights. The findings informed further recommendations in modifying the pressure and release model framework in order to prioritize socio-economic factors as the principal indicators of vulnerability and resilience. The integration of contextual factors, reinforcement of the feedback loop, and prioritization of long-term sustainability are essential considerations. It is recommended that community-based approaches be employed to address the unique requirements of low-income informal settlements. These approaches involve engaging local communities in decision-making processes and fostering bottom-up initiatives. Through the incorporation of these adjustments, the paper enhances the scholarly discourse surrounding the socio-economic factors that underpin flood vulnerability within low-income informal settlements. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders who are involved in the development of strategies and interventions aimed at reducing flood risks and improving resilience in comparable situations.