Challenging stereotypes in township tourism

South Africa has a remarkably complex history, characterised by the harsh realities of apartheid, which officially ended only three decades ago. Despite the legal end of apartheid, one can argue that its legacy persists, as the social and economic effects remain deeply inherited in South African society. The rapid expansion of townships are an example of the lingering effects. These underdeveloped areas, predominantly inhabited by black or coloured people, have seen little to no development over the years, in stark contrast to other parts of South Africa, and particularly Cape Town, which have flourished. Township tourism provides an opportunity for tourists to experience what many of them perceive to be the authentic essence of South Africa. For township residents, this form of tourism can bring a sense of visibility and acknowledgement, as they find themselves recognized by visitors from different cultural backgrounds. However, tourists often arrive with negative stereotypes, particularly regarding safety and danger in townships. Guides play a crucial role in township tours, as they have the ability to either reinforce or dispel these stereotypes. Acting as cultural intermediaries between tourists and local residents, guides provide valuable insights and context that can challenge and reshape visitors’ preconceived notions. As local residents themselves, these guides have firsthand experience of the hardships endured during apartheid and the ongoing struggles faced by their communities. This unique perspective allows them to authentically convey the complexities of township life, but it also places them in a position where they must navigate a delicate power imbalance between the visiting tourists and their own community members. They must balance the need to accurately represent their community’s reality while managing the expectations and behaviour of the tourists. This thesis aims to research the following question: ‘’How do township tour guides utilise strategies to manage tourist behaviour, highlight key elements of the township, and effectively conclude the experience?’’ By examining these strategies, the research seeks to understand how guides influence tourists’ perceptions and interactions, ultimately contributing to a more nuanced and respectful understanding of township life.