Clicks and Conflict

Social media has become a place where every scroll and click can shape beliefs and ideologies. As global tensions persist, social media platforms have risen beyond mere information channels to become influential places shaping perceptions and increasing polarization. This research delves into the intricate dynamics of how digital narratives on platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram can swape opinions and deepen divisions. While social media has emerged as a potentially powerful force in sharing and shaping public opinion and discourse, there is only a limited understanding of how these dynamics manifest in already polarizing contexts. This research investigates the role of social media platforms in influencing public opinion regarding the Israel-Palestine conflict, exploring how digital narratives and the rapid dissemination of information can sway perceptions and fuel polarization. The research seeks to answer the question: How does the use of social media platforms influence the formation of public opinion regarding the Israel-Palestine conflict? The study provides a comprehensive literature review focusing on framing theory, agenda-setting theory, selective exposure, and incidental exposure to understand how and when certain perspectives are seen on social media. By examining previous literary work on social media and polarization, the study further analyses this polarization with a focus on tolerance through social identity theory and attraction and repulsion theory. A quantitative approach was implemented using a survey conducted among Dutch-speaking citizens, both active and inactive on social media. The findings reveal that exposure to pro-Palestine content on social media significantly increases support for Palestine, influenced by factors like echo chambers and agenda-setting. In contrast, pro-Israel content had less impact on support. Generational differences are also studied, with younger generations showing greater exposure to pro-Palestine content, which aligns with a wider trend of increased global empathy among younger people. Additionally, the study found that higher social media usage is associated with more participation in activist activities and, contrary to previous literature, greater tolerance towards the opposing party. The key takeaway from this study is that while social media can amplify polarizing perspectives, it also promotes greater tolerance towards opposing views. This research enhances our understanding of social media's impact on public opinion regarding polarizing issues.