Othering Narratives in Dutch Populism: A Longitudinal Analysis of PVV and SP

This thesis has examined the evolution of othering narratives in the manifestos of Dutch populist parties, the PVV and SP, across multiple election cycles. It distinguishes between vertical othering (targeting elites) and horizontal othering (targeting migrant groups). The SP targets political and economic elites, while the PVV additionally focuses on migrant groups. This research has found that the othering narratives have shifted through time, potentially influenced by contextual factors, particularly power positioning and connected strategic choices. Recommendations include interviews with party members and voters and re-analysis during future elections to understand the strategic motivations and impacts of these narratives. This research enhances understanding of (the evolution of) populist rhetoric in Dutch politics.