Drivers and Barriers to Sustainable Viticulture: Evidence from Organic and Biodynamic Winemakers in Champagne

This thesis aims to identify drivers and barriers of environmental sustainability in the Champagne wine region of France. Although France is one of the leading countries in sustainable, namely, organic viticulture, Champagne region is underexplored in academic literature, particularly in regard to small-scale wine producers. It is especially significant, since 90% of the vineyard land is owned by small and medium-sized enterprises, many of whom practice sustainable viticulture. Given the prevalence of small producers in the region, their environmental impact is significant, and their perspectives and experience are key for understanding sustainable developments in viticulture within the region. Thus, the following research question is formulated: What are the drivers and barriers to sustainability in the Champagne wine region among small-scale organic and biodynamic producers? To adress this question this thesis employes qualiative research, focusing on four case-studies of wineries committed to organic and bidynamic approaches. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with winemakers and analysed through thematic analysis. For the purpose of arranging the interviews with wine producers, a fieldtrip to Champagne was conducted. The findings are presented both as separate case studies and as a cross-case analysis of recurring themes related to the sustainable viticulure. The analysis confirmed the relevance of existing models of environmental sustainability, namely those catagorising drivers and barriers as internal, external and strategic factors. However, an additional category of institutional barriers was revealed, associated with challeges imposed by regulatory frameworks and regional administrative bodies. These findings provide both academic and practical insights into an underrepresented group of Champagne winemakers, revealing important implications for policymakers and future research.