Representations, Stereotypes, and Identity Formation: The Role of Gay Male Pornography in the LGBTQI+ Community

This study examines the complex and ambiguous role of gay male pornography (GMP) as a social and cultural phenomenon, affecting identity formation, sexual politics, and social integration within LGBTQI+ communities. While GMP can serve as a tool for self-discovery and visibility, especially in contexts with limited LGBTQI+ representation or during adolescence, it also reproduces rigid dualistic models and hegemonic normativity that enforce systemic exclusion of multiple queer identities. Using a qualitative approach grounded in Queer Theory, Intersectionality, Feminist Theory, Critical Media Studies, Social Identity Theory, and Symbolic Violence Theory, the research involved semi-structured interviews with nine self-identified gay men from various cultural backgrounds. The analysis identified recurring patterns, including the reinforcement of strict "active-passive" roles, hyper-masculine and gendered beauty standards, and heteronormative narratives portraying gay desire as deviant or transitional. These depictions act as forms of symbolic violence, fostering internalized insecurities, body dissatisfaction, and social hierarchies within and outside the LGBTQI+ community. Participants acknowledged GMP’s dual role as an educational resource, especially where sex education is lacking. However, industry commercialization continues to promote narrow, stereotypical representations, limiting authentic diversity. The findings highlight GMP’s emancipatory potential alongside mechanisms of social control, underscoring the importance of critical media literacy, improved sex education, increased awareness, and industry responsibility. This study contributes to sociological understandings of how media representations intersect with power, desire, and social inequalities shaping queer identities and experiences.