Exploring the consequences and antecedents of perceived crowding in the retail environment

Store crowding is often associated with high sales and profits. It is interesting to see if store crowding has downsides as well, that may be overlooked until now. This study provides a conceptual model that gives insight in the effects of perceived store crowding on important store aspects like "perceived price level", "store quality image", and "store patronage intentions". Also, the underlying mediation effects between these store aspects are examined. In addition, the influence of potential antecedents on perceived crowding is explored.