Citizenship and Identity Construction Among Three Generations of Chinese Women In Indonesia

This study examines how three generation of the Chinese Indonesian women perceive and define their situation based on their gender and ethnicity. Generation shows the complexity of constructing their citizenship and identity as well as the limit of theories that have engaged with the concept of citizenship and identity. The process of exclusion and inclusion embodies in their histories that influence how they identify themselves as “Chinese” and/or “Indonesian” has mainly determined by the state and the social relations between and among Chinese themselves and other ethnicities.